ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΑ ΗΜΕΡΑ ΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ
Η ποίηση είναι μία από τις δύο βασικές κατηγορίες του λόγου, η άλλη κατηγορία είναι ο πεζός λόγος. Η ποίηση ήταν ανέκαθεν δύσκολο να οριστεί, έχουν υπάρξει όμως διάφοροι ενδεικτικοί ορισμοί ανά τους αιώνες. Σύμφωνα με τον σημαντικό Αργεντινό συγγραφέα Χόρχε Λουίς Μπόρχες, «Ποίηση είναι η έκφραση του ωραίου, διαμέσου λέξεων περίτεχνα υφασμένων μεταξύ τους».
Η ποίηση διαφέρει σε πολλά σημεία από την πεζογραφία. Οι διαφορές είναι και εξωτερικές και εσωτερικές. Πρώτα-πρώτα τα ποιήματα είναι γραμμένα σε στίχους, σε σειρές λέξεων, που έχουν ρυθμό και μέτρο, δηλαδή οι συλλαβές τους κυλούν με έναν ορισμένο τρόπο, ώστε να παρουσιάζουν στο αυτί ευχάριστο αποτέλεσμα. Αντίθετα στο πεζογράφημα τα νοήματα είναι διατυπωμένα σε προτάσεις, που η μια ακολουθεί την άλλη με βάση μόνο τους κανόνες της γραμματικής. Οι εσωτερικές διαφορές είναι και αυτές μεγάλες. Ο ποιητής χρησιμοποιεί τη φαντασία για να δημιουργήσει συγκίνηση στον αναγνώστη ή ακροατή. Απευθύνεται στο συναίσθημα και όχι τη νόηση, όπως ο πεζογράφος.
Η ποίηση είναι το αρχαιότερο λογοτεχνικό είδος. Πριν την ανακάλυψη της γραφής, ο άνθρωπος ήταν αδύνατο να αναπτύξει την τέχνη του πεζού λόγου και να απομνημονεύσει ένα πεζογράφημα. Ποιήματα όμως (όπως επιφωνηματικές επικλήσεις και ύμνους στους θεούς, θρήνοι και ξεσπάσματα χαράς) έπλασε πολύ νωρίς ο πρωτόγονος άνθρωπος, συνδυασμένα με μουσική και χορό. Η Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ποίησης εορτάζεται κάθε χρόνο στις 21 Μαρτίου.
Αγαπάω τ’ ό,τι είναι θλιμμένο στον κόσμο
Τα θολά ματάκια, τους αρρώστους ανθρώπους,
τα ξερά γυμνά δέντρα και τα έρημα πάρκα,
τις νεκρές πολιτείες, τους τρισκότεινους τόπους.
Τους σκυφτούς οδοιπόρους που μ’ ένα δισάκι
για μια πολιτεία μακρινή ξεκινάνε,
τους τυφλούς μουσικούς των πολύβοων δρόμων,
τους φτωχούς, τους αλήτες, αυτούς που πεινάνε.
Τα χλωμά τα κορίτσια που πάντα προσμένουν
τον ιππότην που είδαν μια βραδιά στ’ όνειρό τους,
να φανεί απ’ τα βάθη του απέραντου δρόμου.
Τους κοιμώμενους κύκνους πάνω στ’ ασπροφτερό τους
Τα καράβια που φεύγουν για καινούρια ταξίδια
και δεν ξέρουν καλά – αν ποτέ θα ‘ρθουν πίσω
αγαπάω, και θάθελα μαζί τους να πάω
κι ούτε πια να γυρίσω.
Αγαπάω τις κλαμένες ωραίες γυναίκες
που κοιτάνε μακριά, που κοιτάνε θλιμμένα…
αγαπάω σε τούτον τον κόσμο – ό, τι κλαίει
γιατί μοιάζει μ’ εμένα
Νίκος Καββαδίας
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